Anhui is located in the southeast region of China. Although it is one of eastern China's poorest provinces, it is rich in natural beauty. The Yangzi and Huai rivers cross through the province's low-lying areas and the frequent flooding of their banks are largely responsible for the province's poverty.

The north of the province is dry with arid landscapes but the south is lush and mountainous. 2 of China's most famous mountains, the Huangshan range and Jinhua Mountain are found here. The mountains of Huangshan are said to be among the most beautiful mountains in China, with lakes, hot springs, pine trees and unique rock formations. Jinhua Mountain contains a cluster of Buddhist monasteries and is a popular place of pilgrimage.

Anhui is also the birthplace of the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398). Emperor Zhu was a member of the White Lotus rebels who took the seat of power away from the Mongol Yuan dynasty.